《老乞大》疑问句研究

The Study of Interrogative Sentences in Lao Ch’i-ta

《老乞大》四个版本中的疑问句,以特指疑问句为最多,其次是是非问句,选择问句和反复问句相对较少。是非疑问句以使用句末语气词最为常见;特指疑问句疑问代词比较丰富,四个版本同一询问对象所使用的疑问代词大体一致,句末语气词的使用相对简单且频率很低;选择问句都是以带有语气词和关联词的句式为主,但语气词和关联词的种类都是随着时代的变迁越来越丰富了;反复问句中"VP-PRT-Neg"和"VP-Neg-VP"势均力敌,句中语气词十分常见。

This article uses four editions of Lao Ch＇ i-ta to make a comparative study of its interrogative sentences. The study has found that among all the interrogative sentences in four editions, the number of special interrogatives is the largest followed by yes-no interrogatives; alternative interrogatives and complex interrogatives are relatively rare. As for yes-no interrogatives, the most commonly seen ones are those with an ending modal particle. As for special interrogatives, there are a variety of interrogative pronouns. When inquiring the same thing, the interrogative pronouns used in all four editions are basically the same. The use of ending modal particles is relatively easy and the frequency is very low. The most common sentence patterns for alternative interrogatives are those with modal particles and correlatives, but the types of modal particles and correlatives had become increasingly abundant as time passes. In complex interrogatives, the numbers of ＂VP-PRT-Neg＂ and ＂VPNeg-VP＂ patterns are almost the same. Modal particles used in the middle of sentences are very commonly seen, especially in the original edition of Lao Ch＇ i-ta with no exception： in Lao Ch＇ i-ta Xinshi, not only there is modal particles used in the middle of sentences, but the use of ending modal particles also varies.