农民工城镇就业满意度及其影响因素:模型与实证

A MODEL AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON URBAN EMPLOYMENT SATISFACTION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF RURAL MIGRANT WORKERS

农民工有序、平稳、持续地向城镇集聚是我国城镇化推进的必然环节,而城镇就业满意度是影响农民工迁移决策的重要因素。基于上海市1 446份农民工调查样本建立的有序Probit模型及实证分析显示,在沪农民工就业满意度总体评价较高,其中收入评价较低。工资收入、交通出行、子女教育、医疗卫生、城市适应性以及户籍制度等因素对农民工城镇就业满意度有显著影响,而居住条件、工作福利、社会保障、劳动保护、权益侵犯等因素对农民工城镇就业满意度的影响并不显著。因此,目前影响我国农民工城镇就业满意度的既有工资收入等物质因素,也有城市适应性等精神因素,但比较而言,物质因素更为显著。本研究对于从城镇推力视角揭示"民工荒"的成因,以及我国城镇化战略目标的实现,都具有重要意义。

Urban employment satisfaction is the important factors in decision-making of rural workers migrant, which is a significant factor in realization of urbanization strategic target. Based on 1 446 survey samples in Shanghai, the paper finds that wage, transport, children＇s education, health, urban adapta- tion and the household registration system have a significant effect on urban employment of rural migrant workers in China, but living conditions, employment benefits, social security, labor protection and rights violations have not affect significantly. This indicates that, at present, factors of employment satis- faction of migrant workers in towns are not only material factors such as wages, but also spiritual factors such as urban adaptability. In comparison, the material factor is more significant than spiritual factors. The research is important to reveal the causes of the Labor Shortage and maintain the rural labor force to an orderly, smooth, continuous migrate to towns, even for realization of urbanization strategic target.