食用植物油中多环芳烃的污染情况及健康风险评价

Contamination degree and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible vegetable oil

针对食用植物油中存在多环芳烃污染和危害,采用高效液相色谱法对随机采集的75份食用植物油样本进行了16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)含量的检测,以终生致癌风险作为评价指标,进行健康风险评价。结果表明:75份食用植物油样本中普遍存在PAHs污染,萘的污染程度最高,检出率为89.3%,平均含量为13.67μg/kg;苊烯污染程度最小,未检出;食用植物油中轻质PAHs污染程度远高于重质PAHs;4类食用植物油中总轻质PAHs与16种优控PAHs总污染水平顺序均为:花生油>大豆油>玉米油>调和油;总重质PAHs的污染水平顺序为:花生油>玉米油>大豆油>调和油;食用植物油中PAHs污染具有潜在的致癌风险,其风险顺序为:花生油>大豆油>调和油>玉米油。建议强化食用植物油中PAHs的控制和监管,修订相关标准,规定PAHs的最高限量值,确保食用植物油PAHs污染处在较低水平及其潜在危害处在可忽略水平。

In order to research the contamination degree and hazards of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in edible vegetable oil, the sixteen kinds of optimal control PAHs in seventy -five edible vegeta- ble oils of random sampling were detected by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The health risk was assessed with incremental lifetime cancer risk as indicator. The results showed that edible vegetable oil samples were contaminated by fifteen kinds of optimal control PAHs. Naphthalene was the most serious PAHs of which detection rate and mean content were 89.3% and 13.67 I^g/kg respectively, but the contamination degree of Acnaphthylene was minimum which was not detected. Edible vegetable oil was contaminated more seriously by light PAHs than heavy PAHs. The contamination degree of four kinds of edible vegetable oils contaminated by light PAHs and sixteen kinds of optimal control PAHs de- creased from peanut oil, soybean oil, corn oil to blend oil and contaminated by heavy PAHs reduced from peanut oil, corn oil, soybean oil to blend oil. The PAHs contamination in edible vegetable oils had poten- tial cancer risk which decreased from peanut oil, soybean oil, blend oil to corn oil. It was suggested that the government should strengthen the control and supervision of PAHs contamination in edible Vegetable oils, amend relevant standars, provide the maximum limitation value of PAHs and ensure that the PAHs contamination in edible vegetable oils was in low level and its potential hazards could be ignored.