3～5岁儿童对同伴侵害归因的特征研究

The Characteristics of 3 to 5-Year-Old Children's Attribution to Peer Victimization

以济南市一所普通公立幼儿园的284名3～5岁儿童为被试,采用访谈法考察了儿童对同伴侵害的归因。研究结果表明:(1)3～5岁儿童对同伴侵害的归因包括敌意归因、自责归因、中立归因和无归因四种情况。(2)总体而言,自责归因随年龄增长逐渐增多,无归因逐渐减少,4～5岁是转折期。(3)儿童自责归因和无归因人数比例在财物侵害中最低,中立归因人数比例在财物侵害中最高;无归因人数比例在言语侵害中最高,中立归因人数比例在言语侵害中最低。

284 children aged 3 to 5 years old from a public kindergarten in Jinan city were interviewed to explore children＇s attribution. Results indicated that： （1） 3 to 5-year-old children＇ s attribution to peer victimization included the following four types： hostile intent attributions, critical self-referent attributions, neutral attributions and non-attributions; （2） critical self-referent attributions increased with children＇ s age and non-attributions decreased with children＇ s age; age 4 to 5 years was the period of transition; （3） children used more neutral attributions, but less critical self-referent attributions and non-attributions to property victimization than other types of peer victimization; children used less neutral attributions and more non-attributions to verbal victimization than other types of peer victimization.