全站仪免置平自由设站及其测量方法

Free Stationing and Its Surveying Method for Electronic Total Station without Manual Leveling

当利用全站仪对高速铁路无砟轨道进行绝对测量时需频繁换站,每次换站之后都要对全站仪重新进行人工手动置平,将显著影响测量效率。通过研究全站仪免置平自由设站及其测量方法,在每次换站之后就无需置平,可节约工程测量的人力成本、时间成本,提高自动化程度。通过充分利用全站仪在非置平状态下的测量信息,研究基于方向余弦矩阵的三维坐标转换模型,完成全站仪在非置平状态下的三维空间自由设站及其测量。实验结果表明,全站仪免置平状态下测量精度与置平状态下测量精度相当,验证了方法的可行性。

The electronic total station（ ETS ） needs to frequently change the station when carrying out the absolute surveying for the ballastless track on high-speed railway, while the ETS must he re-leveled manually every time after the station is changed. Inevitably, the surveying efficiency is considerably slowed down in this case, so it is necessary to research the free stationing method and relevant surveying method for the ETS without manual leveling, so as to reduce the manpower cost and time cost as well as to increase the degree of automation. By making full use of surveying information of the ETS without manual leveling, the authors researched the three-dimensional coordinate transformation model based on direction cosine matrix, and eventually completed both the free stationing in three-dimensional space and its surveying operation of the ETS without manual leveling. The experiment results show that the surveying accuracies of the ETS with and without manual leveling are basically the same, so the feasibility of this method is verified.