井底恒压控制压力钻井技术

Key Equipment and Technology for Constant Bottom Hole Pressure MPD

近年来控制压力钻井(MPD)由于能有效降低井下复杂、事故情况的发生,减少非生产时间,非常适合复杂地层的钻进,在国内外油田开发复杂地层钻井施工中得到了飞速发展。目前井底恒压控制压力钻井(CBHPMPD)是最常用的一种控制压力钻井方式,大约占总工作量的80%以上。本文首先对井底恒压控制压力钻井的适用范围、优点和关键技术进行了分析,然后详细分析了目前的解决方案和技术现状,包括回压泵加节流管汇控制法、连续循环系统(CCS)控制法、连续循环阀(CCV)控制法、注气稳压方式以及目前国内外最先进的全自动智能控制压力钻井系统,并对该项技术今后的发展提出了建议。

In recent years, the MPD technology sees a rapid development both at home and abroad because it can effectively reduce the downhole troubles and accidents, reduce the non-productive time, and is very suitable for the complex formation drilling operation during the oilfield development. Currently, the constant bottom hole pressure managed pressure drilling （CBHP MPD） is the most commonly used managed pressure drilling technique, covering more than 80% of the total usage. The paper analyzes first the scope of the applications, the advantages and the key technologies of CBHP MPD, and then the current solution and the technical status, including the back pressure pump and the choke control method, the Continuous Circulating System （CCS） control method, the Continuous Cycle Valve （CCV）, the injecting gas stable pressure and the fully automatic intelligent managed pressure drilling system. Finally, the paper puts forward some proposals for the development of the managed pressure drilling technology in the future.