《史记》中的悲剧意蕴

The Tragic Implication of Records of the Grand Historian

士人命运的悲剧性是《史记》悲剧意蕴所在。士人命运的悲剧具有二重性,具体展现为三种形式:一种表现为士人自觉的臣服于客观环境,在名利的追求中丧失了人之为人的主体人格;一部分士人在客观环境和主体人格两者之间追求一种调和的存在,明哲保身;另一部分士人在客观环境的束缚中追求主体人格的独立存在和价值的不朽。他们共同表现为以君主意志和客观权势为主要内容的环境对人的主体意志的摧残。士人命运的悲剧二重性的深层次原因在于,人追求自我发展的无限性与客观历史发展进程的悲剧性冲突。

The tragic implication in Records of the Grand Historian lies in the tragic fate of scholars. The tragedy of scholars＇ fate can be divided into three kinds： some scholars consciously submit to the objective circumstances, and their spiritual will is lost in the pursuit of fame and fortune; some are worldly-wise and play safe in order to obtain a harmony between the objective environment and their personality; some try their best to pursue independent personality and immortal value in the shackle of environment. All these are caused by the destruction from the will of monarch and power toward human＇s personality. The further reason for scholars＇ tragic fate is due to the conflict between their pursuit of unlimited self-development and the objective historical process of development.