非意愿妊娠妇女避孕知识态度、行为调查

Survey on knowledge, attitude and behavior about contraception of women with unwanted pregnancy

目的了解非意愿妊娠的主要原因及非意愿妊娠妇女避孕知识的态度与行为，为减少非意愿妊娠、减少人工流产和提供流产后服务提供依据。方法采用分层抽样的方法，随机选取在北京市西城区4家计划生育技术服务医疗机构中自愿要求流产的非意愿妊娠妇女，进行现场问卷调查，并对数据进行分析。结果不同户籍对选择避孕方法的影响均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）；不同婚姻状况在选择避孕方法时，仅在“避孕药具的价钱”的选择上有统计学意义（X2=20．400，P〈0．05）。不同户籍人群，本市能正确回答“多次人工流产可以增加不孕症的几率”、“安全期避孕最适合青少年使用”、“口服避孕药的正确服用方法”、“紧急避孕药在房事前服用”、“如避孕失败可用紧急避孕药作为后备方法”这几个问题的比例均高于外地，差异均有统计学意义（X2值分别5．326、8．105、10．877、8．643、7．268，均P〈0．05）。结论有效减少城市流动人口和未婚人群的非意愿妊娠，才能减少人工流产；避孕效果与能否正确计算安全期、避孕套使用技巧及方法密切相关；促进避孕药具有效使用，从而减少流动人口和未婚人群的非意愿妊娠，减少育龄妇女重复流产。

Objective To understand the main reasons for unwanted pregnancy and the knowledge, attitude and behavior about contraception of women with unwanted pregnancy, so as to provide basis for reducing unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion and to provide post - abortion service. Methods Stratified sampling method was applied to randomly select women with unwanted pregnancy, who underwent voluntary abortion in 4 medical centers for technical family planning service in Xicheng District of Beijing. They were surveyed on spot and the relative data were recorded and analyzed. Results The influence of different household registration on selecting contraception methods was not statistically significant （ both P 〉 0.05 ）. Marital status was statistically significant only in the choice of contraceptive price （X2 = 20.400 ,P 〈 0.05 ）. Compared with floating population, the percentage of correct answer given by local women was higher in questions frequent induced abortion can increase the infertility probability, safe period contraception is most suitable for adolescents, correct administration of oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives are used before sexual behavior, and emergency contraceptives can be backup method when contraception is failed. The differences were significant （X2 value was 5. 326, 8. 105, 10. 877, 8. 643 and 7. 268, respectively, all P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Effectively reducing the induced abortion of floating population and unmarried women can reduce the unwanted pregnancy rate. The contraceptive effect is closely related with whether the safe period can be calculated correctly, as well as method and technique of condom using. Contraceptive pills and tools should be used effectively, so as to reduce unwanted pregnancy among floating population and unmarried people, and thus to decrease repeated abortion of fertile women.