基于供需分析的城市绿地空间布局优化——以南京市为例

Optimization of urban green space spatial arrangement based on supply-demand analysis:A case study in Nanjing City,China.

城市绿地具有生态服务和社会服务两种主要功能,这两种服务水平的高低取决于供需关系.而绿地的供给和需求不仅指数量上,还包括空间分布,因此单纯的绿化指标或可达性水平都不能完全体现城市绿地的真实服务水平.本文从供需分析的角度,在ArcGIS平台下,利用均匀度指数和可达范围内人均享有公共绿地达标率考察了南京城市绿地的生态服务和社会服务在空间上的需求和供给,最终得出了南京市各区绿地系统的生态和社会服务水平.结果表明:东部地区绿地数量上富余,但缺乏高可达性公共绿地,社会服务水平中等;老城地区绿地缺乏,特征绿地分布不均匀,绿地生态和社会服务水平低;河西地区绿地社会服务水平高,但生态绿地较少且分布不均,生态服务水平低;南部、北部均存在绿地不足、分布不均、高可达性公共绿地少的问题.

Urban green space has the functions of ecological and social services, and the two serv- ices levels are decided by the supply-demand relationship. However, the supply-demand of green space not only involves in quantity, but also refers to spatial distribution. Therefore, only greening indicators can not wholly reflect the true levels of green space services. Based on the supply-de- mand analysis and supported by the ArcGIS, this paper examined the ecological and social services levels of the urban green spaces in Nanjing City by using the evenness indicator and the rate the people could enjoy the public green space in their accessible area. Accordingly, the ecological and social services levels of the green space in the City were investigated. The results showed that in the east of Nanjing City, green spaces were rich, but high accessible ones were lack, which resulted in a moderate social service level. In the center of the City, green spaces were lack and distributed unevenly, resulting in the low levels of ecological and social services. In Hexi area, due to the shortage in ecological green space and its uneven distribution, the green spaces had a high level social service but a low level ecological service. In the southern and northern areas of the City, green spaces were in deficiency, uneven distribution, and lack in high accessible.