不同玉米秸秆还田方式对冬小麦田土壤呼吸的影响

Effects of different maize straw-returning modes on the soil respiration in a winter wheat field.

在连续耕作10年的保护性耕作农田进行定位试验,采用静态箱-TGC气体分析仪法田间原位观测玉米秸秆还田对冬小麦田土壤呼吸的影响.结果表明:麦田土壤呼吸与玉米秸秆留茬高度呈显著正相关关系,且在小麦整个生育期具有两个峰值;免耕不还田处理的土壤呼吸为免耕全量还田处理的72.5%,常规耕作不还田处理的土壤呼吸为常规耕作全量还田处理的76.5%.土壤呼吸与20 cm土层土壤温度和有机碳含量呈显著正相关,但与40 cm土层土壤有机碳含量相关性不显著;土壤水分与土壤呼吸的相关性显著.麦田秸秆全量还田处理的土壤日呼吸值呈单峰曲线,于18:00达到最高.20 cm土层土壤温度与土壤呼吸值的变化趋势一致.不同秸秆还田量处理中,留茬1 m的秸秆还田处理能显著减少土壤呼吸,是较合理的秸秆还田方式.

By using static chamber-TGC method, an in situ observation was conducted in a 10-year conservation tillage winter wheat field to study the effects of different maize straw-returning modes on the soil respiration. The soil respiration had a significant positive correlation with the stubble height of maize straw, and two peaks were observed in wheat growth period. Under no tillage and no straw- returning, the soil respiration was 72.5% of that under no soil respiration under conventional tillage tillage with all straw-returning, and the and no straw- returning was 76.5 % of that under conven- tional tillage with all straw-returning. The soil respiration was significantly positively correlated with the soil temperature and soil organic carbon at 20 cm depth, but no significant correlation with the soil organic carbon at 40 cm depth. A correlation was also observed between the soil respiration and soil moisture. The diurnal soil respiration in the treatments of all straw-returning presented a single- peak curve, with the peak at 18：00. There was a similar variation trend of soil temperature and soil respiration at the depth of 20 cm. Among the treatments of different straw-returning amounts, straw- returning with the stubble of 1 m height could reduce the soil respiration significantly, being a rea- sonable straw-returning mode.