寄主植物对瓜蚜实验种群生命表参数的影响

Effects of host plants on the life table parameters of experimental populations of Aphis gossypii.

在(25±1)℃条件下比较了5种寄主植物上瓜蚜实验种群生命表参数.结果表明:在不同寄主植物上,瓜蚜各龄历期、成蚜寿命、日均产仔量、净增殖率、内禀增长率、周限增长率、平均世代历期和种群加倍时间等均存在显著差异.瓜蚜完成1代所需时间在瓢葫芦上最长,为5.84 d,其他4种供试植物上差异不显著(5.24～5.45 d).成蚜寿命在黄瓜上最长,为20.04 d,其他4种供试植物上差异不显著(14.76～16.03 d).瓜蚜种群存活曲线在所有供试寄主植物上均为Ⅰ型,即死亡主要发生在后期,而且在黄瓜上的存活率高于其他4种供试植物.根据瓜蚜内禀增长率大小排序,寄主适合性依次为哈密瓜>瓢葫芦>南瓜>黄瓜>茭瓜.

A comparative study was conducted on the life table parameters of Aphis gossypii reared on five host plant species at （25 ±1 ） ℃ in laboratory. There existed significant differences in the durations of various developmental stages, adult longevity, mean offspring number per day, net re- productive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, mean generation time, and popu- lation doubling time for the A. gossypii populations reared on the host plants. For the aphids on Lagenaria siceraria var. turbinate, they needed the longest time （5.84 days） to complete one gen- eration, but for those on the other four plants, no significant differences were observed, with the time needed ranged from 5.24 to 5.45 days. The adult longevity was the longest （20.04 days） on Cucumis sativus, but had no significant differences on the other four host plants, being from 14.76 to 16.03 days. The populations＇ survival curves on all test host plants were of Deevey I , i. e. , the death mainly occurred during late period. The survival rate on C. sativus was higher than those on the other four host plants. Based on the intrinsic rates of increase of A. gossypii, its host suita- bility was in the order of Cucumis melo var. saccharinus 〉 Lagenaria siceraria var. turbinate 〉 Cu- curbita moschata var. melonaeformis 〉 Cucumis sativus 〉 Cucurbita pepo var. medullosa.