云南受威胁鱼类种类组成及其地理分布特征

Species composition and geographical distribution of threatened fishes in Yunnan Province of Southwest China.

在综合历年相关文献的基础上,利用ArcGIS 9.3软件对云南受威胁鱼类种类组成及其地理分布特征进行统计分析.结果表明:云南境内共统计到受威胁鱼类83种,隶属5目13科47属,鲤形目占绝对优势,共64种,其次是鲇形目,共16种;鲤形目中鲤科鱼类种类最多,共51种,占鲤形目总数79.7%;鲤科鱼类中,鲃亚科、鲤亚科和鲌亚科种类最多,依次为14、10和10种.云南受威胁鱼类可归于青藏高原区和东洋区两大动物地理区划,其种类组成及地理区划是与周围环境相适应的历史演变的结果.在湖泊与河流两种生态系统中,鲤科鱼类均占有绝对优势,分别占总数的36.1%和31.3%;前者濒危等级多为濒危种,后者多为易危种.本文还从地史演变及现状两个方面探讨了云南受威胁鱼类的影响因素.

Based on the related published papers, and by using Geographic Information System （ ArcGIS 9.3 ）, this paper analyzed the species composition and geographical distribution of threat- ened fishes in Yunnan Province of Southwest China. There were 83 threatened species living in the Province, belonging to 5 orders, 13 families, and 47 genera. Cypriniformes was absolutely domi- nant, with 64 species, followed by Siluriformes, with 16 species. Cyprinidae fishes had 51 species, accounting for 79.7% of Cypriniformes. The most species of Cyprinid fishes were of Barbinae （ 14 species）, Cyprininae （10 species）, and Cuhrinae （10 species）. The threatened fishes could be divided into two zoogeographical regions, i. e. , Tibetan Plateau region and Oriental region, and their species composition and geographical distribution were resulted from the historical evolution adapted to the related environments. Whatever in rivers and in lakes, the Cyprinid fishes were both absolutely dominant, occupying 36.1% and 31.3% of the total, respectively. The Cyprinid fishes in rivers were mostly of endangered species, while those in lakes were mostly of vulnerable species. The factors affecting the threatened fishes in the Province were discussed from the two aspects of geodynamic evolution and present situation.