中国三稀矿产资源战略调查研究进展综述

The progress in the strategic research and survey of rare earth,rare metal and rare-scattered elements mineral resources

三稀资源是稀土、稀有和稀散资源的统称。"三稀矿产资源战略调查研究"项目启动以来,研究了全球三稀资源的分布、产出特征及其开发现状、选冶技术与市场供需状况;发现中国重稀土资源消耗过快,关键性稀散金属的利用水平有待提高,部分稀有金属亟待发现新的矿产地;同时,中国三稀资源利用的质量不高,高附加值产品少,采选回收率低;现场实地调研也表明中国离子吸附型稀土矿区还存在证外采矿和环境污染问题。在地质理论研究方面,通过成矿规律研究发现离子吸附型稀土矿的母岩体可以扩展到燕山晚期花岗岩以外的地区,内生稀有稀土资源的形成具有时空分离的趋势。在技术方面,项目组把高分辨率遥感技术应用到三稀资源的监管工作,并全面更新了三稀元素的分析测试技术,取得了显著成效。此外,所提出的分单矿种评价、管理稀土资源、修改三稀资源勘查规范、设立复合型三稀资源矿种以及水化学技术调查监测三稀矿山的生产状况和环境污染等建议和新思路,都具有现实意义。在找矿部署方面,项目组根据三稀资源的综合特点,认为应建立稀有资源的整装勘查区、稀土资源的规划区、稀散资源的综合利用示范区,甘肃、四川、福建等地已取得初步找矿进展。

The three types of rare mineral resources include the rare earth, rare metal, and rare-scattered （dispersed） mineral resources in the project of the strategic research on three types of rare mineral resources. Since the beginning of the project, the research group has studies the distribution, geological features, exploitation, metallurgic technology, and market supply and demand of the rare mineral resources in the world. The investigation shows that the HREE resources have been consumed rapidly, the comprehensive utilization of critical dispersed metals should be improved, and the exploration for rare metal resources is urgent in China. Meanwhile, the utilization quality of the rare resources is low, the high added value products are very insuthcient, and the ore dressing recovery percentage is low. Furthermore, 80% REE mines have been mined beyond the border, and 30% REE mines are accompanied by environmental pollution. In the aspect of metallogenic theory and regularity, the research shows that the ore-forming rocks of the ion-absorbing type tLEE deposit can extend to metamorphic rock and basic igneous rock from the conventional granitic and volcanic rock, and the distribution of endogenetic Li and REE deposits are separated in space and time. On the other hand, the project research group refreshed the analytical technique for the rare elements, and applied the high resolution remote sensing to the supervision and management of the rare resources. On the basis of research achievements, some opinions are put forward, such as the individual assessment for the 17 rare earth elements, the improvement of exploration standards, the creation of composite mineral commodity for some refractory rare resources, and the way to supervise mines and find new mines by sampling water from the river in southern Jiangxi. Also, in view of the different characteristics of the rare mineral resources, the authors suggest that the government should establish integrated exploration area for rare metal resources, planning area for the rare earth resources, and demonstration area for the comprehensive utilization of the scattered resources.