唐宋之际“学人之诗”的传承与嬗变

Inheritance and Transformation of"Scholars' Poetry" During the Tang and Song Dynasties

从晚唐五代到宋初百年,"学人之诗"的创作成绩斐然。其创作主体为各时期引领风骚的文坛精英,具有富赡博雅、精严从容的群体特质。以才学为诗的艺术探索经历了一个由自然发挥到自觉创造的漫长过程,该过程既有次第渐进的阶段性特点,同时也呈现出百变不离其宗的完整轨迹。如果说晚唐作家以"四六"为诗的艺术尝试还稍嫌繁缛和僻涩,那么五代时期南国文臣的博雅诗作则能充分彰显其"深于学问"、辞采绮丽的优势,达到率性超逸、自然蕴藉的新境界。当然,真正明确"学人之诗"的艺术主旨、审美取向和价值追求,使之成为内涵稳定、风格显著的自觉创造,还要晚到"西崑体"诗"耸动天下"以后。就整体而言,"学人之诗"探索前行的节奏虽然缓慢,但它为诗歌艺术成功实现由"唐"及"宋"的嬗变和转型积累了弥足珍贵的经验。至于"宋诗"在精神内涵和艺术特点上获益于"学人之诗"的深层思致,则更值得诗史研究者详加考察。

The creation of＂Scholars＇Poetry＂had reached a high level during the period from the late Tang to the early Song Dynasty.Its creation is mainly constituted by the literary elite who had the same group characteristics such as being well learned and rigorous.The artistic exploration of scholarship poetry saw a lengthy process from unconsciously level to consciously creation,which showed the sequential progressive features.Meanwhile it also showed the stable essence with variety changes.If the writers＇ poetry in the late Tang are more or less tedious and obscure,the writers from south in the Five Dynasties fully demonstrated their advantages of＂well-educated＂and ornate diction so as to achieve the new realm.Actually,after the poetry of＂Xi Kun Style＂was world famous,the art theme,the aesthetic orientation and values of＂Scholars＇ Poetry＂,and making it to be the consciously creation with stable connotation and significant style were formed.On the whole,though the exploration of＂Scholars＇ Poetry＂was a bit slow,yet it accumulated precious experiences for the transformation of poetry from Tang to Song Dynasty.The connotation and artistic characteristics,which＂Song Poetry＂can benefit from the＂Scholars＇ Poetry＂,are worth investigating at the same time.