第欧根尼的德性教育

Diogenes' Moral Education

第欧根尼既延续了犬儒派的自然法的生存信念,又开发了自己独特的身体训练和德性训练的方案,着意于"世界公民"的培育。第欧根尼的哲学源于苏格拉底,属于"小苏格拉底学派"。他所开发的自然教育传统明显不同于以柏拉图哲学为代表的苏格拉底学派,又明显不同于以阿里斯底波为代表的小苏格拉底学派。第欧根尼与阿里斯底波维护了自然法和自由意志的古典哲学精神。就此而言,真正传承苏格拉底哲学的也许并非柏拉图或亚里士多德,而是第欧根尼和阿里斯底波。

Diogenes Cynicism carries forward the natural law from cynicism and develops his distinctive approach of body and moral education. Diogenes originated from Socrates which is subordinated to the Minor Socratic School. The natural law discriminates Diogenes from Plato and Aristippus. Diogenes and Aristippus preserve the key spirits of natural law and free will. Thus, the favorite disciple of Socrates is not Plato or Aristotle but Diogenes and Aristippus.