产能过剩的中国特色、形成机制与治理对策——以1996年以来的钢铁业为例

Excess Capacity with Chinese Characteristics, Its Forming Mechanism and Countermeasures: A Case Study of China's Steel Industry since the Year 1996

产能过剩是中国经济多年来久治不愈的顽症。近年来,产能过剩不仅造成了传统行业如钢铁、水泥、电解铝、煤化工等处于全行业亏损的困境,甚至连一度被推崇为"新兴产业"的太阳能多晶硅和风电设备等行业,也由于产能全面过剩而步入衰退。产能过剩的中国特色及其形成机制,在于多年来全能型政府对市场和微观经济领域的强制性干预,以GDP增长为主要指标的政绩考核体系和与之相对应的官员升迁激励机制,以及历史传统中根深蒂固的地方本位主义传统。因此,只有抛弃过往以行政权力对市场进行强制干预为特征的宏观调控方式,改进官员政绩考核体系及晋升激励机制,推进政治和经济体制改革、完善市场制度、推动政府治理转型,才能根治中国式产能过剩的顽疾,实现经济结构转型升级。

For Chinese economy, excess capacity is a pitfall lasts for years. In recent years, excess capacity not only causes some traditional industries mired in losses, such as steel, cement, electrolytic aluminum and coal chemical industry, but also leads such industries as solar-grade polycrystalline silicon and wind power equipment into recession, which once were considered as ＂emerging industries＂. Excess capacity with Chinese characteristics and its forming mechanism are attributed to versatile government mandatory intervention in markets and micro-economy field for many years, assessment index system in government of GDP growth and its corresponding incentive mechanism for officials＇ promotion, and the deep-rooted localism tradition in Chinese tradition and history. Therefore, the previous method of macro-control that characterized by executive power mandatory intervention in markets must be abandoned; assessment index system in government and incentive mechanism for officials＇ promotion should be improved ; and reconstruction of political and economical system, perfection of market system and promotion of governance should be put into practice. Only in this way can we eradicate the excess capacity with Chinese characteristics, and achieve the transformation and upgrading of economic structure.