追求现实主义文学的持久生命力——论陈忠实的创作对柳青文学典型观的模仿与超越

The Pursuit of Lasting Vitality in Realistic Literature——On CHEN Zhongshi's Imitation and Transcending toward Literary Typical Vision of LIU Qing

典型形象塑造关系着现实主义文学的生命,因此,一切中外现实主义作家、理论家莫不重视典型问题。然而,对于典型的理解和阐释又不尽相同。从中国当代文学史上有着师承关系的柳青和陈忠实的创作来看,在典型问题的理解和表现上就存在着明显差异。柳青崇尚用"理想化"手法塑造能体现"时代特征"、具有教育意义的"英雄形象";陈忠实尽管受柳青的影响,但并不主张塑造高、大、全的"英雄形象",而是突破那种主要根据人物的阶级属性来塑造形象的模式,充分描写和揭示人物性格的多面性和复杂性,努力塑造复杂、多样的艺术形象,显示了持久的生命力。他笔下的人物形象塑造更符合现实主义典型塑造的艺术标准,从而实现了对柳青的从模仿到超越。

The life of realistic literature lies in its typical portrayal. Typical portrayal is a serious concern that is often appealed to realistic writers or critics of ancient and modern in China and abroad Nevertheless, writers and critics in different eras have taken sides on type issue. Put the creation of different stage in Chinese contemporary literature as cases, represented by LIU Qing and CHEN Zhongshi, the understanding and interpretation of typical problem exist significant differences. What LIU advocated in typical portrayal is the heroic images that embodied characteristics of the era and endowed educational value, as well shaped the image by ＂idealistic＂ approach. Influenced by LIU, in CHEN＇s creation, he didn＇t insist the type of big tall hero, but broke LIU＇s pattern of creating images according their class attributes to shape diverse and complex images. CHEN＇s innovation has shown ever-lasting vitality for he described and revealed the complexity and multiplicity of artistic images. His creation is more in line with the artistic standards of realistic typical portrayal; thereby he realized the process from imitating LIU to transcending.