论庄子有用与无用之辩及其超越

About Zhuangzi’s Debate on the Usefulness and the Uselessness and Its Transcendence

有感于"人皆知有用之用,而莫知无用之用"与历史上贤臣功成而被杀、急流勇退得身安的经验教训,庄子郑重指明有用而被用作工具之患,深刻地提出无用之大用的话题。然而,庄子也认识到,身处一个毫无正义可言的无道社会,即便保持无用状态或者处于有用与无用之间,也难免患累。庄子指出,人们只有超越有用与无用之争,从有用与无用的算计中超脱出来,"乘物以游心"、"虚己以游世",遵循自然大道而自由遨游于天地之间,人们才有可能真正摆脱患累的困扰。在急功近利、普遍过于讲究实用的今天,庄子关于超越有用与无用之争、"乘道德而浮游"的思想,仍然具有某种纠偏、矫正的现实意义。

Inspired by the saying ＂ people all know the use of the usefulness, but not the use of the uselessness＂ and by the experience that in history excellent chancellors with tremendous achievements always ended with being killed, or those who retired at the height of his career mostly survived, Zhuangzi pointed out the danger of the use- fulness being used and brought up the topic of ＂great use of the uselessness＂. However, it is also realized by Zhuangzi that in an immoral society without justice, the danger could hardly be avoided even in a useless state or between the uselessness and the usefulness. Hence, Zhuangzi claimed that people can only truly get rid of dangers and sufferings, by transcending the argument of the usefulness and the uselessness, standing out of the calculation, ＂following natural rules to free your heart and mind＂ ,＂ relaxing yourself to enjoy the world＂, and obeying natural law to freely roaming among the heaven and the earth. Nowadays, people are eager for quick success and instant benefit, paying too much attention to the practice and the usefulness. Regardng that situation, Zhuangzi＇ s thought of transcending the usefulness and the uselessness, and ＂following the nature law to live happily and freely＂, still has certain realistic meaning of correcting and rectifying.