北京长子营地区老年高血压的特点及与心血管病危险因素的关系

Characteristics of senile hypertension and relationship among them and blood fat, plasma glucose and body mass index in Zhangziying area

目的 调查北京大兴某农村地区老年高血压发生的特点及其与心血管病危险因素的关系.方法 纳入北京大兴区长子营地区60岁以上高血压患者2223例,作为高血压组;纳入同期60岁以上非高血压人群813例,作为对照组.通过问卷调查了解患者对高血压的知晓情况、治疗及控制情况;同时通过体格检查和实验室检查获得体重指数、血压、血糖、血脂[包括总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）]、血尿酸等数据.结果 在高血压组中高血压Ⅰ-Ⅱ级占90.15%,高血压Ⅲ级占9.85%;单纯性收缩期高血压占30.78%;高血压的知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为76.97%、55.55%和23.57%.与对照组相比,高血压组的血糖、血脂、尿酸、体重指数以及白细胞和血小板计数均较高（P＜0.05）.结论 当地农村老年高血压以轻中度为主,该群体对高血压的知晓率较高,但治疗和控制率相对较低;农村老年高血压患者常合并代谢紊乱,造成其心脑血管疾病发生风险增加.

Objective To survey the characteristics of senile hypertension and relationship among them and cardiovascular risk factors in rural areas of Daxing District in Beijing. Methods The hypertensive patients （ aged over 60, n=2223 ） were chosen as hypertension group from Zhangziying area of Daxing District in Beijing, and at the same time other persons without hypertension （ aged over 60, n=813 ） were chosen as control group. The awareness to hypertension by the patients and treatment and control of hypertension were surveyed by using questionnaire. The data of body mass index （ BMI ） , blood pressure （ BP ） , plasma glucose, blood fat and blood uric acid （ BUA ） were obtained through physical examination and laboratory tests. Results In hypertension group, the cases with grade I hypertension and grade ]] hypertension accounted for 90.15% and those with grade III hypertension, 9.85%, male cases were more than female ones （ 11.91% vs. 8.55%, P〈0.01 ） . The cases with isolated systolic hypertension accounted for 30.78%, and female cases were more than male ones （ 33.3% vs. 27.30%, P〈0.05 ） . The awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate was, respectively, 76.97%, 55.55% and 23.57%. The levels of plasma glucose, blood fat, BUA and BMI and WBC count and platelet count were all higher in hypertension group than those in control group. Conclusion The senile hypertension are mainly mile-moderate hypertension in elderly patients in rural areas. The awareness rate is higher but treatment rate and control rate are lower. Senile hypertension is often accompanied by metabolism disorder in the patients, which will lead the increase of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.