不愿捉迷藏的人——论伯尔的美学思想

Somebody Who Does Not Want to Close His Eyes to Injustice-On the Aesthetic Thought of Heinrich Bll

海因里希·伯尔是后战争时代德国文学的标志性人物,他把重建人性和拯救被毒化的德语视为战后德国文学的重要任务。他所追求的"人道美学",始终坚持人性与诗性的结合;他的"语言道德"之说,强调政治、伦理与语言表达之间的密切相关。作为"介入文学"的作家,他反对作家对社会漠不关心,同现实玩捉迷藏游戏。他认为作家要听从自己的良知,让语言成为冲破现实表象的工具,使作品成为自由的最后堡垒。他的现实主义作品充满激情、幽默和讽刺,注重形式与内容的协调。在他看来,"事实"永远只是"真实"的一部分,作家需要借助想象来创造"自己的现实"。

Heinrich Boll is a symbolic figure of post-war German literature. He saw it as important that German literature after the war should reconstitute the humane and save the poisoned German language. The ＂aesthetics of the humane＂ that he aspired to always insisted on the intimate connection of humanity and poetry. As a writer dedicated to ＂litteratureengagee＂ he resisted the assumption that the author should face society in an indifferent manner and close his eyes to injustice. He thought that a writer should listen to the voice of his own conscience while letting language become a tool that pierces the surface of reality, thus turning his oeuvre into a bulwark of freedom. His realistic works are replete with enthusiasm, humor and irony. He strove for a harmonious balance of form and content. In his opinion, the topical represents only a segment of reality. Relying on his grasp of things, the writer should create ＂his own reality＂.