遥遥望白云 怀古一何深——中国古代文人的隐逸文化

Looking at the White Clouds,Thinking of the Ancient Times——The Recluse Culture of Ancient Literatus in China

中国隐逸文化历史悠久,是漫长几千年历史的一道独特风景。但"隐"又有真假之分。真隐虽原因各异,但却有其看重个性生命自由之追求;假隐则以隐为手段,成为其出仕之终南捷径。隐逸文化被社会关注,儒道两学派与其关系尤密切。孔子主张"天下有道则仕,无道则隐",庄子的"乘天地之正,而御六气之辩,以游无穷者",追求精神的绝对自由,则更接近和体现了隐逸文化的精髓。隐逸文化在中国文化史上的地位是不容忽视的,隐士必须是知识分子,其中卓越有成绩的文学家、思想家、教育家占了相当比例,他们对中国传统文化的继承与发展做出了巨大贡献。

Chinese recluse culture has a long history, which is a unique scenery in thousands of years history, but ＂seclu- sion＂ can be divided into real and unreal seclusion. Although real hermits had different reasons, their pursuit is the free- dom of personality and life; unreal hermits used seclusion as a easy way to get official career. Recluse culture attracted so- cial attention, especially Confucianism and Taoism had close relationship with it. Confucius claims＂If there exists proper way, please get into officialdom, if not, please seclude＂. Chuang-tzu claims ＂Follow the regulations of heaven and earth, master the six gases, then travel in endless realm＂, pursuing the absolute freedom of the spirit, which displays the es- sence of recluse culture. The recluse culture plays a very important role in Chinese history and can not be ignored. The hermits must be intelligentsia among whom there are writers, thinkers and educators accounts for a great contribution to the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional culture.