学龄听障儿童与健听儿童口腔共鸣特点的比较研究

The Comparative Study of Oral Resonance Characteristics of School-Aged Children with Hearing Impairment and Normal Children

目的探讨学龄听障儿童口腔共鸣障碍的特点。方法选取7～16岁健听儿童228名(男124名,女104例,7～10岁70名,11～13岁78名,14～16岁80名),7～16岁听障儿童142名(男71名,女71名,7～10岁54名,11～13岁43名,14～16岁45名),用RealSpeechPlus分析软件提取两组儿童汉语核心韵母/a/的第一共振峰频率(aF1)、/i/的第二共振峰频率(iF2)、/u/的第二共振峰频率(uF2),并分析其与年龄、性别及健听和听障之间的差异。结果健听儿童的aF1、iF2、uF2值分别为853.23±150.86、2 635.58±289.97、820.40±175.00Hz,听障儿童的值分别为743.58±176.18、2 531.89±253.36、1 076.62±261.74Hz,听障儿童与健听儿童aF1、iF2、uF2值差异均具有极其显著统计学意义(P<0.001),听障儿童各年龄段aF1均低于健听儿童,uF2均高于健听儿童;男性的uF2低于女性;随着年龄增长,aF1、uF2逐渐增小,iF2逐渐减大。结论听障儿童存在下颌运动范围受限和舌运动范围受限导致的口腔共鸣障碍问题;男性的舌位较女性更靠后,舌的运动范围较大;青春期(7～16岁)是口腔共鸣发展的重要时期,青春期的儿童的口腔仍在增大、下颌的运动范围缩小但稳定性增加、舌的前后运动范围增大。

Objective This study aims to explore oral resonance characteristics of school aged children with hearing impairment. Methods A total of 228 of 7- 16 years old children with normal hearing and 142 of 7- 16 years old children with hearing impairment were enrolled in this study. Real Speech Plus was used to analyze aF1, iF2, and uF2. Results In normal children, aFl,iF2 and uF2 were 853. 23± 150. 80 Hz,2635. 58±289. 97 Hz, 820.40±175. 00 Hz respectively. While in children with hearing impairment, aF1, iF2 and uF2 were 743. 58±176.18 Hz, 2 531.89±253.36 Hz, 1 076.62 ± 261.74 Hz respectively. Children with hearing impairment had signif- icantly difference of aFl,iF2 and uF2 than those of in normal children（P〈0. 001）. The boys had lower uF2 than that of girls. With the children growing up, aF1 and iF2 had increasing trend while uF2 had decreasing one. Conclu- sion School-aged children with hearing impairment have difficulties in jaw and tongue movements. Boys can make a tongue movement in a lager range than girls do. Adolescent is still an important period of oral resonance, children in this period, their oral captivityties are becoming larger and the tongue can move in a larger range while the jaw can move in a smaller range but more steadily.