2010-2011年深圳市龙岗区腹泻病原菌的流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of diarrhea pathogens in Longgang district of Shenzhen from 2010 to 2011

目的掌握本地区腹泻病的菌群分布和变化,为食源性疾病主动监测体系提供必要的监测数据。方法分析2010-2011年龙岗区2个腹泻病监测哨点患者的粪便标本,检测沙门菌(SM)、志贺菌(SH)、霍乱弧菌(VC)、副溶血弧菌(VP)和致泻性大肠埃希菌(DEC)等病原菌结果。结果 3 271份粪便标本中,检出病原菌共797株,阳性率为24.37%,腹泻病原菌占前3位的分别为DEC、VP和SM。O25、O1和O164是DEC主要流行血清型,VP优势血清型为O3:K6和O4:K8,SM的优势血清型为肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌。VP和SM有明显季节性分布特点,主要在6-9月份阳性检出;沙门菌10岁以下儿童感染率高,VP和SM不同年龄组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000;P=0.007)。结论本地区腹泻病原菌以DEC、VP和SM为主,肠炎沙门菌为SM最主要流行血清型,初步揭示了深圳市龙岗区细菌性腹泻的病原谱及流行病学分布特征。

Objective To investigate the distribution of diarrhea pathogens, and set up an active surveillance system for food-borne disease. Methods Stool samples were taken from patients with acute diarrhea in two hospitals in Longgang district from 2010 to 2011. Salmonella （SM）, Shigella （SH）, Vibrio cholera（VC）, Vibrio parahaemolyticus （VP） and diarrheagenic Eseherichia co/i（DEC） were isolated. Results Total of 797 strains of pathogens were isolated from 3 271 stool samples （24.37%）. The first three common pathogens were DEC, VP and SM. 025, O1 and O164 were predominant serotypes of DEC. The predominant serotypes of VP were 03 ： K6 and 04 ： K8. The predominant strains of SM were Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium. The distribution of VP and SM showed obvious seasonality with higher detection rate in summer and autumn（from ]une to September）. The detection rates of VP and SM were higher in young adults. Children under the age of 10 years were easier be infected with Salmonell than other pathogens. The VP and SM positive rates of different age groups showed significant differences （P=0.000;P=0.007）. Conclusions Most of bacterial diarrhea were caused by DEC, VP and SM in Longgang district. The major serotype of SM was Salmonella enteritidis. The study primarily revealed the pathogenic spectrum and epidemiologieal characteristics of bacterial diarrhea in Longgang district.