20世纪初的“美术革命”论争与现代“美术”观念的形成

The Early 20th Century Controversy Surrounding the “Art Revolution" and the Formation of the Modern Concept of “Art"

20世纪之初是一个多元文化交汇碰撞的建设性的新时代的开端。以《新青年》为中心的关于"美术革命"的论争,聚焦了20世纪美术批评的许多重要问题。"美术革命"论争在表面上围绕新与旧、革命还是改良等敏感焦点话题,其实质是对美术功能观的不同认识,表征了不同价值取向的知识群体对美术的功能、地位的社会功能倾向的不同认知。这使得美术革命论争涉及了一个重要的美术批评观念即对美术功能的理解和定位的问题。"美术革命"前后批评界关于美术的功能的认识主要有三种:"美术革命"论者,认可并强调美术的社会和文化功能;美育功能派,强调美术的人生功能或美育功能;艺术革新派则强调艺术本身,追求艺术形式美。"美术革命"论争表征了多元开放的现代"美术"观念的形成。

The early 20th century was the beginning of a new era which witnessed a convergence and clash of multiple cultures. The controversy surrounding the ＂Art Revolution＂ with the journal of ＂New Youth＂ at its center brought into relief many important issues of art criticism of the 20＇h century. It was not concerned with sensitive issues like the new or the old, revolution or reform as it appeared to be, but with a different understanding of the functions of art. It showed a different con- ception on the part of intellectuals with different values of the place and functions of art in society. With this the controversy around art revolution involved an important concept of art criticism, that is, how to understand and define the functions of art. There were three major interpretations of the functions of art before and after the ＂art revolution＂ ： first, the proponents of the ＇art revolution＇ recognized and emphasized the social and cultural functions of art; second, proponents of aesthetic education stressed the educational functions of art and third, innovators of art emphasized art itself and the formal beauty of art. The ＂art revolution＂ controversy marked the formation of a pluralistic and open modern concept of ＂art＂.