1913～1933年西藏上层的政治抉择

The Political Choices of Tibet's Upper Class(1913-1933)

清末民初,在列强入侵和西方民族主义思潮影响下,边疆少数民族地区开始出现分裂主义思想和运动的倾向。西藏地方谋求"独立"的倾向是在英国殖民势力的利诱与挑唆下产生的。十三世达赖喇嘛(1913年元月返抵拉萨重掌政教大权,1933年12月圆寂)民初"亲英"的政治选择与时局及他所处环境的影响密切关联,但这种与中央疏离的政治取向显然助长了英国欲将西藏纳入殖民体系的气焰,却违背了中华民族寻求统一的强烈意愿。其执政晚期的政治转向对于承继和延续自元以来中央政府与西藏之间所保持的统属关系起到了关键的作用。

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the in the beginning of the Republic of China, under the influence of Western colonial invasion and nationalism, the minority frontier areas of China appeared the tendency of separatism. With the inducement and instigation of British colonial forces, the trend of seeking “independence” in Tibet emerged. The Dalai Lama＇s （who returned to Lhasa to regain politi- cal and religious power, and passed away in December 1933） political choices of pro-British in the beginning of the Republic of China was closely related to the current situation and the affect of his surrounding environment. But, the political orientation of alienating from central government clearly en- couraged British ambition of including Tibet into its colonial system, and was contrary to the strong willingness of seeking unification of the Chinese nation. The thirteeth Dalai Lama＇s changes of political orientation in his late reign played a key role in inheriting and continuing the affiliation between the central government and the Local Tibetan government since Yuan Dynasty.