康方言昌都话的元音变迁

Evolution of Vowel of Chamdo Words in Tibetan Kham Dialect

康方言较之于安多和卫藏的方言,分布地域广,内部又分多个土语群。康区地理上的分散格局和经济形式二元(农耕与游牧)化等多个外部因素对母语继承和方言接触所带来的各种影响,最终促成了多个土语群格局的康方言。康方言主要分3个土语群(也有四分法),这3个土语群又称为康方言的三大次方言,即北路次方言、南路次方言、牧区次方言。划分这些次方言的主要依据是语音差别;其次是词汇差别,语法基本一致。昌都话属于北路次方言①,在北路次方言沿西线土语中具有一定的代表性。昌都话元音变迁的研究,能为了解和认识康方言元音变迁的一般规律提供一定的理论知识和参考数据。

Compared with Amdo dialect and Tibet dialect, Kham dialect represents wide geographical spread and its inside is divided into many idiom groups. Different kinds of influence,brought to the in- beritance of native language and dialect contact by many external factors like disperse configuration in Kham District geographically and dualistic economy （aerial farming and nomadism）,eventually facilitates a /lumber of idiom groups of Kham dialect. Kham dialect is distributed in three idiom groups （there is also a way of quartering）. The three idiom groups are called three sub- dialects of Kham＇dialect. The primary basis of dividing these sub- dialects is the difference of pronunciation. In addition,it is the difference of vocabularies. Grammars are nearly the same. Chamdo words belongs to the sub- dialect of northern part of the Kham dialect area. It has certain representativeness idiom of sub - dialect of northern part along the western line. The study on the evolution of vowel of Chamd0 words could provide a certain amount of derstand the general rnle of theoretical knowledge and reference data which enable us to know and un- the evolution of vowel of Chamdo words.