师乎? 生乎? 留学生教习在京师大学堂进士馆的境遇

Teachers? Students? Japan-educated Students as Teachers in Jinshiguan of the Imperial University of Peking

在改科举、兴学堂的新政年代,京师大学堂进士馆中汇聚了一批当时最优秀的留日学生。他们以"学生"之出身,作为"老师",向进士及第的科举精英们传授法政、理财等"新知"。如此"升沉倒置"之象,真切地映照出科举、学堂此消彼长的时代变迁。由于年龄、功名、地位、学识、师生观念等原因,留学生们切身感受了"教习非师"的身份尴尬。面对学有根柢的进士学员,日本名词的引入和接受、课程内容的设置和讲授、讲义的编写皆成教学中的挑战。留学生教习在进士馆的境遇折射出新旧交替、中西融合的时代特征。

At the beginning of Xinzheng Reforms during the Late Qing,the traditional civil examination system was revised and the authorities were seeking to establish a new school system.At this time,several outstanding Japan-educated students were employed by Peking University.They taught new knowledge(law,economics,business and so on) to the new Jinshi,who had just passed the highest level civil examination.Such dramatic phenomenon was a truly reflection of changes of the times that traditional civil examination system continued to decline and the rise of new educational system and studying abroad.However,it was far from easy when teaching in Jinshi Guan.Those teachers———Japan-educated students——quickly found that it was absolutely an awkward position when they were not recognized as teachers by Jinshi students,because of age,civil examination degree,status,knowledge and traditional views on the relationship of teachers and students reasons.In addition,during the start period of new school system in China,it seemed inevitable that those young teachers had faced the following challenges: introduction and acceptance of Japanese concept and grammar,the settings and lectures of the course contents and handouts preparation.