在中西新旧之间穿行:五四前后的清华国文教学

Walking Between the Chinese and Western Cultures as well as the Old and New: Studies of the Teaching of Chinese Around the May Fourth Movement in Tsinghua College

五四运动以前,清华在教学上是重西文轻国文,且在国文教学中对新文学持抵制态度。对国文教学的改革主要停留在教学方法层面,内容上仍以"尊孔"为主,表现出一种不新偏旧的立场。五四运动后,清华在课程设置上开始中西并重,对于新文学的态度也由排斥变为吸收乃至接受。国文教学改革的指导思想也实现了从"为实用而改革"到"为文化而改革"的转变。在改革过程中,清华既不趋新,也不守旧,而是在中西新旧之间穿行,最终走出了一条融会中西的新路。五四运动前后清华的国文教学改革反映了一种与当时主流新文化派不同的文化观念和教育理念。

Tsinghua College devoted great attention to the teaching of western culture while looked down on the teaching of Chinese before the May Fourth Movement.What's more,it boycotted the New Literature in the teaching of Chinese.The reform of the teaching of Chinese focused on teaching method but not contents,which showed a conservative stand.After the May Fourth Movement,Tsinghua College began to lay equal stress on western culture courses and Chinese culture courses.Its attitude to the New Literature also changed from repulsion to assimilation even acceptance.The guiding ideology of the reform of the teaching of Chinese changed from reform for use to reform for culture.Being neither running after the New Literature nor sticking to old ways,Tsinghua College walked between the Chinese and Western cultures as well as the old and new,which led to a new road of fusing Chinese and Western cultures.The reform of the teaching of Chinese around the May Fourth Movement showed a unique cultural and educational idea differentiated from that of the new culture advocates.