中国中央政府决策模式演变--以五年计划编制为例

The Change of China's Central Government Decision-making Model: An History Inquiry into the Formulation Process of 12 China's Five-year Plans

中国制定五年计划的方式经历了五个阶段的演变,第一阶段是内部集体决策模式("一五"—"二五"前期),第二阶段是"一言堂"决策模式("二五"后期—"四五"),第三阶段是内部集体决策模式的重建("五五"—"六五"),第四阶段是咨询决策模式("七五"—"九五"),第五阶段是集思广益决策模式("十五"—"十二五")。这反映了中国中央政府决策模式的演变历程:1949年中华人民共和国成立初期出现了一个制度建设的黄金期,党的"八大"以后进入了制度建设的破坏期,"文革"结束后中国又开始进入制度重建期,并经历了持续的制度化、民主化、科学化的过程。

The formation approach of China's Five Year Plan(Hereafter FYP) has undergone profound changes over the last six decades.We can identify five models,namely,1) the model of collective decision within the small circle of top leaders(the 1st-the 2nd FYP);2) the Mao-dominant model(the 3rd-the 4th FYP);3) the restored collective model(the 5th-the 6th FYP);4) the consultative model(the 7th-the 9th FYP);and 5) the wisdom-pooling model(the 10th-the 12th FYP).The trajectory of changes with regard to the formation of FYP essentially reflects the overall transformation of the Chinese polity,a progression toward more scientific and democratic governance.