竞走国少队运动员身体机能及生理生化指标的变化特征研究

Research on Characteristics of Physical Function and Physiological and Biochemical Indicators for National Juvenile Team Race Walking Athletes

运用实验测试法等方法对国家竞走少年运动员训练过程中的身体机能及生理生化指标的变化特征进行了研究。结果表明:竞走耐力训练对身体机能有一定的影响,短时间的耐力训练对心血管机能影响较小,对呼吸系统机能影响相对较大;大强度或大负荷量竞走训练可引起尿液中部分指标出现异常;随着对训练负荷的逐步适应。血液指标主要变化特征表现为:RBC计数、Hb及Hct有一定程度的升高,血清肌酸激酶、血尿素和皮质醇逐步降低;血清睾酮有所增加。只有合理的训练计划才能形成运动员良好的赛前机能水平。

Through the test method this research focuses on characteristics of physical function, physiological and biochemical indicators for national juvenile team race walking athletes＇ during their training. The results show that race walking endurance training has certain effect on physical function. Short - term training exerts effect on cardiovascular function, while long - term training manifest its effects mainly on respiratory function. High intensity or quantity of race walking training can cause abnormal changes in the urine samples. With the gradual adaption to the training load, the main characteristic change of blood index show itself as that the count of RBC, Hb and Hct put on a certain rise, and gradual decrease occur in serum ereatine kinase, blood urea and cortisol. Meanwhile, Serum testosterone shows an increase. Only reasonable training plan can incur a good pre - match function level for athletes.