欧洲古代体育向现代体育转型的历史审视

History Research on the Transition of European Sports from Antiquity to Contemporary

运用文献资料法对欧洲古代体育向现代体育的转型进行了研究。认为文艺复兴、宗教改革和启蒙运动开启了体育人文价值观,从思想层面为欧洲体育的复兴奠定了基础,成为欧洲古代体育转型的外生性推动力;市民体育的勃兴和骑士体育向绅士体育的转变在实践层面对欧洲古代体育进行了整合,成为欧洲体育的内源性转型路径,使古代体育开始告别原始性、军事性、宗教性、依附性特征;作为方向性牵引力,工业革命则提供了体育现代化的标准和手段,使欧洲体育真正成为世俗社会具有科学性、规范性的休闲方式、职业领域和教育手段。欧洲体育转型中"人"的主体地位的确立和对民众体育需求的满足,可以为我国社会转型期体育的战略选择提供借鉴意义。

By using the method of literature review, this study explores the transition of European sports from antiq- uity to contemporary. It puts forward that the humanistic values of sports during the Renaissance, Religious Reform and Enlightenment laid the foundation for the rival of sports and became the exogenous impulsion of the transition. As the endogenous transition path, the formation of urban resident＇s sports and the transition from knight＇s sports to gentlemen＇s sports integrated ancient sports from the level of practice and promoted it to separate from the nature of primitiveness, religion, military and dependence. As the directional traction, Industrial Revolution provided stand- ards and methods for the modernization of sports which carries the nature of scientific, and standard. It leads sports to methods of leisure, industry and education. During the transition of European sports, the subjectivity of human beings and demand-meeting of popular sports have great academic significance to the transition of Chinese sports.