国家构建与制度建设:转型国家的分析框架

State Building and Institution Building: The Analytical Framework of the Transition Countries

随着国家学派的崛起和"国家中心论"的复兴,国家构建与制度建设逐渐成为研究国家转型的分析框架。与传统的理论视角不同,国家自主性理论重新将国家视为政治过程中的行为主体和分析变量,强调国家可以依其意愿偏好与能力来制定政策或设定国家目标。由此,国家在不同的经济和社会发展阶段中发挥不同的作用,主要是与国家治理的有效性相联系的,进而影响国家构建的成功与否。从财政视角出发,财政汲取能力是影响国家构建的另一个重要因素,国家制度的强弱和经济发展程度一般体现在财政汲取能力的水平上。最后,制度主义范式指出国家可以被视为制度结构或制度机器,因此不同要素的制度变革对国家形成和国家转型会产生或积极或消极的影响。

With the rise of the State School and the revival of the ＂State - centrism＂, the state - building and institution building has been gradually becoming the analytical framework for studying state transformation. Unlike traditional theoretical perspective, the theory of state autonomy regards states as behavior agents and vail- abtes of analysis in the political process, emphasizing that the states can formulate policy and set their goals de- pending on their preferences and abilities. Thus, in the different stages of economic and social development, states play different roles, primarily associated with the effectiveness of state governance, thereby affecting the success of state - building. From the fiscal perspective, the financial extractive capacity is another important factor to affect the state -building. The strength of the state system and the condition of economic development are generally reflected in the level of financial extractive capacity. Finally, the institutional paradigm points out that states can be regarded as institutional structure or system of machines. Therefore, the change of institution with different elements will have a positive or negative impact on states formation and states transition.