河南省农村居民健康知识知晓情况的现况调查

Status survey on health knowledge awareness among rural residents of Henan province

目的:了解河南省农村居民健康知识知晓情况,为科学开展健康教育工作提供依据。方法:采用多阶段抽样的方法从全省159个县(区)居民中抽取8978个农村居民,采用自制的《河南省居民健康知识和行为监测问卷》进行问卷调查。结果:河南省农村居民健康知识知晓率为64.98%,其中健康生活方式相关知识知晓率(75.30%)最高,慢性病相关知识知晓率(59.59%)最低。男性健康知识知晓率高于女性(χ2=204.014,P<0.001);～34岁年龄组居民健康知识知晓率最高,其他年龄组居民随着年龄的增长,知晓率逐渐降低(χ2=4813.601,P<0.001);随着文化程度的增高,健康知识知晓率逐渐增高(χ2=4758.084,P<0.001);丧偶和离异者健康知识知晓率低于其他婚姻状况者(χ2=903.912,P<0.001);学生健康知识知晓率高于非学生(χ2=105.835,P<0.001);医务人员健康知识知晓率高于非医务人员(χ2=838.639,P<0.001)。结论:河南省农村居民健康知识知晓率较低;应该强化营养、肝炎、结核病、碘缺乏病、糖尿病、安全用药等知识教育;女性、高年龄组、低文化程度、丧偶者、非学生和非医务人员为主要弱势群体。

Aim ： To understand the current situation of health knowledge among rural residents of Henan province and consequently to provide evidences for health education strategies. Methods：A questionnaire survey was conducted among 8 978 rural residents who were selected by a multi-phase sampling method from 159 counties of the whole province. Both EpiData and SAS were employed for data management and analysis. Results： The rate of awareness of health knowledge a- mong rural residents was 64.98% , among which, the knowledge about health lifestyles was the highest with 75.30% , and chronic diseases was the lowest with 59.59%. The rate of male＇s awareness of health knowledge was higher than female＇s （X2 = 204. 014,P 〈 O. 001 ） ; that of the group with the age of -34 years was the highest, and decreased along with the age （X2 = 4 813. 601, P 〈 0. 001 ）. The rate of awareness of health knowledge increased with their education level （2 =4 758. 084,P 〈 0. 001 ） ; that of widows, widowers and divorced was lower than that of other marital status （X2 = 903. 912, P 〈 0. 001 ） ;that of students was higher than that of non-students（x2 = 105. 835 ,P 〈 0. 001 ） ; that of medical workers was higher than that of non-medical workers（x2 = 838. 639 ,P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusion ： The awareness rates of health knowledge among rural residents are low. Health education target to nutrition, hepatitis, bacillary phthisis, iodine deficiency disorders, diabetes, safe medication should get strengthen. Women, eider, low education population, widows, widowers and divorced, non-students, and non-medical workers are the main population in health education.