信息可视化中视觉载体界面设计

Research on the Design of Visual Interface in Information Visualization

目的研究人的视觉特性和人的信息传递与处理过程,对信息可视化设计中视觉界面设计的文字、色彩、图标等进行人机理论分析和参数计算,为信息可视化视觉界面设计提供参考.方法基于人机工程学对视觉界面中信息载体界面尺寸、文字大小和图标尺寸等进行实验和理论分析,研究了视角、视距与视觉界面的关系.结果信息载体界面的尺寸、字符的高低和图形的大小与用户的视距和视角有直接关系,观察的最佳视角范围在30°视锥内;色彩界面中亮度对比6∶1和15∶1为最佳,1～4种色彩最佳,最多不宜超过7种.结论通过对视觉载体界面的具体分析所建立的理论模型和公式,可以较好地计算视觉界面中各部分功能尺寸,能够较好地达到信息可视化的设计目的.

This research studies the visual characteristics of human and the process of information transmis- sion,in order to provide a reference for information visualization of visual interface design through analysis of the ergonomics theory and calculating of the parameter including the text, colors, icons, etc, in the design of visual interface for information visualization. Methods on the relationships among view angle, sight dis- tance and visual interface through the experiment and theoretical analysis are based on the ergonomics of in- formation carrier interface about the interface size, text size and the icon size in the visual interface. There is a direct relationship among the interface information carder size, character height, size of the graph and the users＇ view angle as well as sight distance. The best view angle range is 30°in the cone of vision. The best brightness contrast of color interface is 6：1 and 15： 1. The optimal number of colors is 1 to 4 ,but not more than 7. A better calculation of every functional size in the visual interface will be acquired and the purpose of information visualization can be achieved through theoretical models and formulas established by analyzing the visual interface.