基于正交试验法的大型客机座舱气流组织优化及热舒适性分析

Optimization of Air Distribution with Orthogonal Test and Thermal Comfort Analysis in Commercial Aircraft Cabin

大型客机座舱的舒适性研究对我国自主研发的大型客机的市场竞争力具有重要意义.良好的气流组织是座舱舒适性的重要保证,而开展针对具体机型的气流组织优化研究是我国发展大型客机的突破点之一.为此,首先用真实MD-82客机座舱的气流和温度的试验数据验证了计算流体力学(CFD)模型,同时依据正交试验法安排了18个送风方案;然后用验证的CFD模型对18个送风方案进行了数值模拟,以座舱内垂直温差及局部风速为试验指标对其进行了评价,得出了试验中的最佳送风方案;最后对得出的最佳送风方案进行了热舒适性分析.研究结果表明,所采用的非定常RNG k-ε模型能够合理地预测客机座舱内的空气流动.影响客机座舱气流组织最重要因素是行李架附近风口的送风速度,而天花板附近的侧壁风口送风角度对气流组织影响较小.优化得到的最佳送风方案能够营造热舒适性良好的座舱环境,预测平均热感觉指标约为-0.2.

A comfortable environment of commercial aircraft cabin is important for the market competitiveness of Chinese-made airplanes and a good air distribution can ensure the comfort. One of breakthroughs for China is the op- timization of air distribution for a certain airplane. This investigation first validated a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） program with the experimental data of airflow and air temperature from MD-82, and 18 air supply schemes were designed with orthogonal test as well. Then the validated CFD program was used to calculate the air distributions of the 18 air supply schemes, and vertical temperature difference and local velocity were used to evaluate the perform- ance. Finally, the thermal comfort of the best air supply scheme was evaluated. The results showed that the unsteady RNG k-e model could predict the airflow in aircraft cabin with reasonable precision. The most important factor for air distribution of the cabin was the velocity of inlets which were located near the luggage rack, while the angles of air- flow from the inlets near ceiling had little impact on air distribution. The thermal comfort of the optimized air supply scheme was good with the predicted mean vote （PMV） of about - 0.2.