煤制备新型先进炭材料的应用研究

Application of coal as raw materials in preparing new advanced carbon materials

煤是一种储量丰富且价格低廉的工业原料,富含大稠环有机化合物,含碳量高,可能成为先进炭素材料的重要碳源。在分析煤的成分结构基础上,提出煤可用来制备先进炭素材料。煤的含碳量高,具有丰富多孔结构,采用破碎加工可直接用做助滤材料。煤作为炭源物质,采用高温炭化处理,可制备活性炭;添加金属催化剂,采用电弧放电等方法,煤可制备富勒烯碳、纳米碳管等纳米炭;高碳煤可以用来制备炭石墨电极,也可进行化学热解,制备石墨烯。以煤和煤系物作为主要原料,经过发泡、炭化处理,可制备泡沫炭;作为基体前驱体,煤可制备炭质复合材料等。煤不仅能用做燃料,也能制备高附加值的先进炭素材料。

Coal is a kind of cheap industrial materials with abundant reserves in nature.With big organic molecules and rich carbon materials,it can be used as raw materials to produce new advanced carbon materials due to its chemical compounds and microstructure.With porous structure and main carbon compound,coal can be crashed into small particles used as filter.As carbon resource,coal can be carbonized at high temperature to become active carbon materials.With metallic catalysts,coal can be used to produce fullerenes with arc-discharge method,nanotube and other nanostructured carbon materials.Also,rich carbon coal can be used to produce electrode,and also synthesize graphene with chemical decomposition.With bubbling and heat treatment,carbon foam can be made from coal.As carbon precursor,coal can be used to produce carbon composites.Coal can not only be used as fuel,but also as raw materials in advanced carbon materials production.