广东与浙江两项目区外来女工生殖健康现况调查

Investigation on the reproductive health status of migrant female workers in factories in Guangdong and Zhejiang province

目的:了解浙江省平湖市和广东省佛山市南海区的外来已婚育龄女工的妇幼保健知识和生殖健康水平,评价项目区现有生殖健康相关政策和服务的提供、利用和需求情况。方法:在两项目区选取外来女工集中的5家工厂,对其中的1132名女工进行问卷调查;并对女工、工厂管理者、政府领导者进行定性调查。结果:两地女工的妇幼保健知识知晓率分别为37.2%(平湖)和48.0%(南海);工厂为女工缴纳生育保险的情况,以及产检次数是两地女工知识的薄弱点。多因素分析结果显示,妇幼保健知识水平较高的女工有如下特征:婚龄较短、有孩子、家庭收入高、夫妻文化水平较高等。生殖健康服务方面,1年内女工妇女病普查参加率分别为67.9%(平湖)和56.7%(南海);出现生殖道感染可疑症状时,女工选择去医院就诊的比例分别为50.8%(平湖)和66.7%(南海)。结论:两项目区外来女工的生殖健康知识普遍缺乏,相关服务的提供和利用情况存在差别。在平湖,生育保险的作用受到限制,而在南海,工厂内妇女病普查服务欠缺。下一步应采取切实的措施提高两地的生殖健康服务水平。

Objective： To understand the knowledge status on maternal and child health （MCH） of married migrant female workers in factories in Guangdong and Zhejiang province, and assess the supply, utilization and demand of reproductive health （RH） service among them. Methods： Quantitative method and combining with qualitative method were used. Five factories in the two areas were selected. One anonymous selfadministered questionnaire was given to all eligible subjects in pilot factories, and totally 1 132 workers were investigated. Migrant female workers, factory managers and public officials were interviewed in the qualitative study. Results： The awareness rates on MCH of the target population were 37.2% （ in Pinghu） and 48. 0% （ in Nanhai） . Regarding to the result of multiple linear regression analysis, the associated factors of MCH knowledge included years after marriage, having a child or not, educational level, family income etc. The proportion of workers who had participated in a gynecological diseases screening in 1 year were 67.9% in Pinghu and 56.7% in Nanhai. When suspicious symptoms of reproductive tract infection occurred, the proportion of workers who chose to go to see a doctor were 50. 8% in Pinghu and the 66.7% in Nanhai. Conclusion： The MCH knowledge level of target population is low. The status of supply and utilization of RH service are different in the two areas. To improve the supply and utilization of RH service is in an urgent need in the two areas.