葡萄一年三熟栽培试验

Experiment on three-harvest-yearly grape cultivation

为探索在南亚热带地区进行葡萄一年三熟栽培生产的现实可行性,以早、中、晚熟葡萄为试验对象,分别于4月下旬和8月下旬进行打顶和修剪处理,调查各品种的成花挂果情况以及对3茬于不同时期成熟的果实主要性状进行比较鉴定。2011年试验结果显示,在南宁市维多利亚葡萄1年可结果3茬,成熟时间分别是7月1日(第一茬果或夏果)、8月22日(第二茬果或秋果)和12月25日(第三茬果或冬果),每667㎡产量分别为970.3、308.9、152.9 kg,成花枝率分别为96.7%、62.6%、67.3%,结果枝率分别为96.7%、48.8%、36.3%;金手指葡萄1年可产果2茬,成熟时间分别是7月8日、8月26日,每667㎡产量分别为738.1、190.7 kg,成花枝率分别为100%、64.5%,结果枝率分别为100%、54.3%,金手指葡萄的三次成花枝率为75.5%,但第三茬果未能于自然落叶前成熟;美人指葡萄一年可产果2茬,成熟时间分别是8月10日、9月12日,每667㎡产量分别为544.1 kg、258.5 kg,成花枝率分别为56.7%、58.4%,结果枝率分别为56.7%、54.2%;对同一品种三茬不同时期成熟的果实品质进行比较,结果表明秋果、冬果的糖度和风味明显优于夏果。试验结果表明,在南宁市选择早熟品种葡萄通过打顶修剪措施处理,可实现有经济价值的一年三熟栽培,中晚熟品种可进行一年二熟栽培(部分生育期重叠的连续结果),但第二茬果和第三茬果的促花时机、促花处理方法、保果措施及肥水配套管理等仍需进一步探索改进。

The experiment applied shoots and branches cutting treatments to grapes of early, medium, late cuhivar in late April and late Autumn respectively, then investigate the flowering and fruit set condition as well as have a comparison to the main features of fruits that ripened in three different times. The 2011 trial＇s results showed that in Nanning ＂Victory＂ cv. had three harvest yearly which ripened time was July 1 （the first set fruit or summer fruit）, Aug 22（the second set fruit or autumn fruit） and Dec 25 （the third set fruit or winter fruit） with the yield of 970.3 kg, 308.9 kg and 152.9 kg per 667n~ respectively, and with the percentage of flowering branches of 96.7%, 62.6%,67.3% respectively, also the percentage of fruit set branches of 96.7%,48.8%,36.3% respectively. ＂Jin Shou Zhi＂ cv. had two harvest yearly which ripened time was July 8, Aug 26 with the yield of 738.1 kg, 190.7 kg per 667 nf respectively, and with the percentage of flowering branches of 100%,64.5%respectively, also the percentage of fruit set branches of 100%, 54.3%respectively, the percentage of third time flowering branches was 75.5% but the third set fruit could not been ripened before leaves deciduas. ＂Mei Ren Zhi＂ cv. had two harvest yearly which ripened time was Aug 10, Sep 12 with the yield of 544.1 kg,258.5 kg per 667nf respectively, and with the percentage of flowering branches of 56.7% ,58.4% respectively, also the percentage of fruit set branches of 100%, 54.3% respectively. Compared fruits of the three times harvest with soluble sugar content and flavor, winter fruit t〉 autumn fruit ~〉 summer fruit. The experiment suggesting that by applied designated shoots or branches cutting treatments to grapes of early cultivars in Nanning may harvest fruits three times yearly with desirable benefits, while to grapes of medium and late cultivars may harvest two times yearly （part of fruits growing time is overlapping）, yet some supporting measures of the second harvest and the third harvest fruit cultivation like the pruning time, pruning measures, fruit retention measures as well as fertilizers and water management should further studying.