美国大学与城市在房地产开发上的冲突与合作

Conflicts and Cooperation between Universities and Cities on Real Estate Development

美国大学为了拓展校园空间、提升校园周边环境、振兴城市社区,以及为学校创收等目的,自上个世纪60年代以来启动了大量圈地兴楼的房地产开发项目,并由此引发了与驻地城市在社会公平问题、负面溢出效应、地区划分和财产税等方面的广泛冲突。为了化解矛盾、避免冲突,不少美国大学采取了使经济与社会项目相结合、建立广泛的合作伙伴关系、促进校园与城市的整合,以及补偿免税资格等积极实践,并成功地与驻地城市和社区建立了友好合作关系。

Many American universities have undertaken land development activities since 1960s, in order to expand campus, enhance the surrounding neighborhoods, revitalize downtowns and generate revenue, resulting in a wide range of conflicts with resident cities over social equity, negative spillover effects, zoning, and tax-exempt status. However, some universities have resolved these conflicts and e ven successfully established partnership with resident cities and communities by incorporating social and economic programs, building cooperative partnership, integrating universities into cities and offsetting the tax-exempt status.