决策科学化与公众参与:冲突与调和——知识视角的公共决策观念反思与重构

On the Scientific Orientation of Decision Making and Public Participation: In Knowledge Perspective of the Idea of Public Decision

科学的"理性"原则与民主的"多数决"原则存在潜在的冲突,反映于公共决策中的核心冲突是科学知识与公众常识在提供信息上的地位不对等。公众常识被视为劣于科学知识,普通公众被认为缺乏理性参与决策的能力。现实中的公众决策参与存在能力、效率与机会困境。事实上,决策科学化与公众参与冲突的产生源于对科学观念的误解,通过科学观念的重构能够揭示出公众参与决策在知识价值上的合理性。对于政府管理者而言,既要实现理念的转变,认识到公众参与在实现决策科学化中的必要性,又要促成制度变革,保障公众真实参与的机会与制度性渠道。

There is potential conflicting between the principle of rationality in science and the principle of majority decision in democracy.The root of this confliction lies in the unparallel status of scientific knowledge of public common sense in offering information.There is a difficulty showing in public participative decision making of ability,effectiveness and opportunity in reality.As a matter of fact,the conflicting of scientific orientation of decision making and public participation is based on the misunderstanding of scientific ideas,therefore the rebuilding of scientific ideas can be used to reveal the knowledge value of public participation in decision making.In this process,government should give a full recognition of the necessity of public participation in decision making as well as to promote the institutional changes to insure the opportunity and channel of public participation in decision making.