尾矿库溃坝研究综述

Summary on the dam-break of tailing pond

尾矿库溃坝研究主要包括尾矿坝坝体失稳和泥石流的演进两部分。首先对尾矿库坝体失稳原因、机理和计算模型进行了综述,目前尾矿坝失稳计算模型研究主要集中在尾矿坝静力抗滑稳定和地震作用下尾矿砂的液化判别,而对渗透变形和洪水漫顶导致的尾矿坝渐近失稳模型研究较少,同时对地震作用下尾矿砂液化后流滑变形稳定分析的研究也较少;其次,对尾矿坝失稳后泥石流的物理性质、流变模型、演进计算模型进行了综述,目前尾矿库溃坝泥石流演进计算模型中存在大量的假设,包括对溃坝范围、溃坝过程、溃口大小的假设等,这对泥石流演进分析带来一定的偏差。总之,尾矿库溃坝计算模型还不完善,需要借助土力学、水力学和泥沙动力学等学科的交叉进一步研究。

The instability characteristics of tailing dam and the routing characteristics of debris flow in-duced by dam instability are important research directions of the dam-break of tailing pond, which is sum- marized in this paper. First the instability causes, mechanism and instability model of tailing dam are re-viewed, and it is shown that the available results mainly focus on the dam instability model caused by the static stability against sliding and the seismic liquefaction of the tailing pond, but less on the asymptotic failure model caused by the seepage deformation and the dam overtopping. Meanwhile, the instability charac-teristics of the tailing dam due to the flow-slip deformations induced by seismic liquefaction need further study. Second, a survey of the debris flow characteristics after dam instability is also attempted, including the physical properties, rheological model and flow routing model, and it is found that there are some hy-pothesis in the existing debris flow routing model for the tailing pond, such as the dam failure processes, the size and shape of dam breach, the region of the tailing-break, which can cause some error to the anal-ysis result of the debris flow routing. In summary, the analysis model for the dam-break of tailing pond is not perfect, which needs further study by the subject cross of the soil mechanics, hydraulics and the sedi- ment dynamics.