哈大齐工业走廊土地利用变化的生态环境效应

Regional disparities of land use changes and their eco-environmental effects in Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar Industrial Corridor

基于哈大齐工业走廊1990年、2000年、2005年3期TM影像,获取15年来不同时段的土地利用变化信息。利用景观格局指数和生态环境质量指数两种生态环境效应评价指数,定量对比分析七个市县土地利用变化带来的生态环境效应。结果表明:①15年来,哈大齐工业走廊耕地、建设用地增加,草地、水域、未利用地减少。②整体生态环境恶化,区域差异显著;空间格局呈中心城区高周边农牧区低;大庆、杜蒙、泰来因草地、湿地"三化"等原因,破碎化加剧、多样性锐减、环境质量恶化最为显著,建议加强生态保护。③两种评价指数从不同角度反映出相似的区域差异特征。两方法结合分析实现更为客观全面的评价效果,以期为区域综合定量评价提供方法借鉴。

Through analyzing land-use data for the past 15 years based on the 3 TM images of 1990, 2000 and 2005 in Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar （Ha-Da-Qi） Industrial Corridor, and two kinds of eco-environment assessment indices （landscape pattern index and regional ecological environment quality index）, we obtain land use change information of different stages and evaluate eco-environmental effects induced by land use changes in seven regions of Ha-Da-Qi Industrial Corridor quantitatively. The main results can be obtained as follows. （1） During the period 1990-2005, the dominant types of land use change in Ha-Da-Qi Industrial Corridor were the expansion of cultivated land and constructive land, and sharp decrease of unused land, grassland land area and water body. （2） On the whole, the quality of regional eco-environment was worsening in the past 15 years, with the pattern of low quality in the middle and high quality at two ends. There were significant differences of eco-environment in the seven regions of Ha-Da-Qi Industrial Corridor. In particular, from 1995 to 2005, the eco-environment quality slipped significantly in Daqing, Dumeng and Tailai, where environmental protection need to be strengthened. At the same time, due to the degradation and occupation of the wetland and grassland, the eco-environment quality was deteriorating in these years in Qiqihar. However, as for Harbin city, the capital of Heilongjiang Province, the environmental quality was relatively good from 1990 to 2005. （3） The two evaluation methods reflected similar characteristics of the regional differences in Ha-Da-Qi Industrial Corridor. The landscape indices were used to analyze the ecological effects in the perspective of ecological processes. However, the characteristics of ecological environment index was more comprehensive. Furthermore, we have identified the major land use transformation types affecting the regional eco-environment. So it is more objective and reasonable to analyze the effect of regional eco-environment by combining the two methods, which can provide reference for regional comprehensive quantitative assessment in the future.