笼养肉鸡生长过程NH3、N2O、CH4和CO2的排放

NH_3,N_2O,CH_4 and CO_2 Emissions from Growing Process of Caged Broilers

为确定规模化笼养肉鸡生产过程NH3、N2O、CH4和CO2的排放因子,并探讨不同生长阶段排放特征,本研究选择山东某商业化肉鸡养殖场,利用INNOVA 1312多气体分析仪-连续采样测试系统和风机风量现场测定系统(FANS),对肉鸡舍NH3、N2O、CH4和CO2的排放进行为期42 d的测定,确定了肉鸡整个生产过程气体的平均排放因子和累积排放因子.结果表明,整个肉鸡生产过程中NH3排放因子呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,变化范围在8.5～342.1 mg·(d·bird)-1,平均为137.9mg·(d·bird)-1[48.6 g·(d.AU)-1],CH4和CO2排放因子随着日龄的增加而增大,CH4排放因子的变化范围在19.5～351.9mg·(d·bird)-1之间,平均为154.5 mg·(d·bird)-1[54.4 g·(d.AU)-1],CO2的排放因子在2.2～152.9 g·(d·bird)-1之间变化,平均为65.9 g·(d·bird)-1[23.2 kg·(d.AU)-1],整个生产过程没有监测到N2O的排放;肉鸡的NH3累计排放因子为(5.65±1.02)g·(bird·life cycle)-1,第1阶段(0～17 d)、第2阶段(18～27 d)和第3生长阶段(28～42 d)氨气排放占总排放的比例分别为33.6%、36.4%和29.9%,第2阶段的NH3累计排放因子显著高于第1和第3生长阶段;CH4和CO2的累计排放因子分别为(6.30±0.16)g·(bird·life cycle)-1和(2.68±0.18)kg·(bird·life cycle)-1,第3阶段的CH4和CO2累计排放因子显著大于1和2阶段,占总排放量的50%以上.研究结果为控制气体排放提供了数据基础.

To obtain Ammonia and greenhouse gas（GHG） emission factors of caged broilers,ammonia（NH3）,methane（CH4）,nitrous oxide（N2O） and carbon dioxide（CO2） emissions of broilers aged 0 d to 42 days were monitored in caged broilers production systems located in Shandong province.Gas concentrations of incoming and exhaust air streams were measured by using INNOVA 1312 multi-gas monitor with multi-channel samplers.Building ventilation rates were determined by on site FANS（Fan Assessment Numeration System） measurement systems.The NH3 emission factors showed a trend of increase at the beginning and then decreased with the broiler ages.The NH3 emission rates were 8.5 to 342.1 mg·（d.bird）-1 and the average daily emission rate was 137.9 mg·（d.bird）-1[48.6 g.（d.AU）-1]over the 42-d period.The GHGs emission rates were 19.5-351.9 mg·（d.bird）-1 with an average of 154.5 mg·（d.bird）-1 [54.4 g.（d.AU）-1] for CH4,and 2.2-152.9 g.（d.bird）-1 with an average of 65.9 g.（d.bird）-1 [23.2 kg.（d.AU）-1]for CO2.No emission of N2O was observed.The CH4 and CO2 emission rates increased with the increase of broilers ages.The total NH3 emission over the 42 d growing period averaged（5.65 ± 1.02） g.（bird.life cycle）-1.The NH3 emission contribution in different growth phase to the total emission were 33.6% in growth phase 1（0-17 day,GP1）,36.4% in GP2（18-27 days）,and 29.9% in GP3（28-42 days）,respectively.The NH3 emission in GP2 was significantly higher than emission in GP1 and GP3.CH4 and CO2 cumulative emission rates were（6.30 ± 0.16） g.（bird-1.life cycle）-1 and（2.68 ± 0.18） kg.（bird.life cycle）-1,respectively.The cumulative emission rates of CH4 and CO2 in GP3 were significantly higher than emission rates in GP2 and in GP1,accounting for 50% of total emissions.The results of this study could provide the data support for mitigation of gas emission from broilers production.