基于非点源污染的水质监测方案研究

Study on Water Quality Monitoring Scheme Based on Non-Point Source Pollution

为了促进非点源污染监测的规范化和标准化,本研究归纳总结了基于常规技术条件下的非点源污染监测方案.该监测方案首先强调了监测前期的准备工作,包括监测区域的概况调查和指标筛选等;在监测方案的制定过程中将监测区域分为城区、农业和流域三类,城区以西安为例,通过功能区的划分设置采样点,总结了次降雨过程中采样的频率和方法等;农业以某灌区为例,通过单元划分,在各引水渠与排水渠设置采样点,并介绍了灌溉过程中的采样的次数、时间间隔等;流域以渭河关中段为例,提出了各采样断面的设置原则,分析了降雨过程中各断面的采样规律.最后讨论了不同区域非点源污染监测的主要特征,提出非点源污染监测方案是非点源污染研究和控制的基础.

In order to improve standardization and normalization of non-point source pollution monitoring,this paper summarized the non-point source pollution monitoring scheme that based on conventional technology condition.The scheme firstly emphasized the preparation work before monitoring,including situation investigation and index selection of the monitoring area and so on;In the process of establishing monitoring scheme,the monitoring area was divided into three types： city,agriculture and watershed.Take urban area monitoring scheme for Xi＇an as an example,through dividing function zone setting sampling point,summarized sampling time interval,frequency and sampling methods during a rainfall process.An irrigation district was an example for agricultural monitoring scheme,through unit division,setting sampling point at the approach channel and drain channel,introduced sampling times,interval time and so on in the process of irrigation.Watershed monitoring scheme＇s example was the Weihe GuanZhong section,raised the setting principle of each sample section,and analyzed each section＇s sampling law in the process of rainfall.Finally the principal character of different non-point source pollution monitoring areas was discussed,and concluded that non-point source pollution monitoring scheme is the base of non-point source pollution study and control.