山东半岛大叶藻不同地理种群遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

Analysis of genetic diversity and structure of Zostera marina populations in Shandong Peninsula

应用RAPD技术,对自然分布于山东半岛莱州湾、小石岛、俚岛、楮岛和汇泉湾的5个大叶藻种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了分析,并基于研究结果对山东半岛大叶藻种群保护和移植修复提出了建议。实验用10条RAPD引物共扩增出42条条带,多态条带39条,多态性位点比率为92.86%。研究结果表明山东半岛大叶藻种群具有较高的遗传多样性和较高的遗传分化;AMOVA分析显示5个种群99.68%的变异来源于种群内部,而0.32%的变异来源于种群间;Mantel测试表明5种群遗传距离与地理距离之间没有相关性;遗传多样性最低的是莱州湾种群,应该得到优先保护;遗传多样性较高的是俚岛种群和汇泉湾种群,可以作为山东半岛海草场移植修复的首选种群。

In the present study, random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） molecular marker was used to study the population genetic diversity and structure of five Zostera marina L. populations distributed in Shandong Peninsula： Laizhou bay, Xiaoshi Island, Li Island, Chu Island and Huiquan Bay. Based on the obtained results, suggestions for Z. marina population protection and for seaweed meadow restoration in Shandong peninsula were put forward. In the experiment, 42 bands were obtained by RAPD markers amplified through 10 selected primers. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 92.86%. The results showed that the populations in Shandong Peninsula had high genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation. The AMOVA demonstrated that the inter-population component accounted for 99.68% of the total variation, while the intra- population component accounted for 0.32%. Mantel tests showed that 5 populations of Z. marina L. had no correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. The population in Laizhou Bay that showed the lowest genetic diversity should be given priority protection. The populations in Li Island and Huiquan Bay that showed highest genetic diversity can be used as the first choice for seaweed meadow transplanting restoration in Shandong Peninsula.