从美英职业技术教育实践的视角解读工作本位学习

Interpretation of Work-based Learning from the Perspective of Practice of Vocational and Technical Education in the USA and UK

美、英等国的职业教育实践表明,应设立单独机构管理和实施工作本位学习。工作本位学习并不总发生在工作地,也可以发生在任何有利于工作过程知识和技能学习的场所,其内部元素的复杂关联性表现在宏观、中观和微观三个层面上。工作本位学习的形式和内容随着社会需求而变化,宏观上表现为随社会进步而变化,微观上表现为随实践类型改变而变化。其实施模式可依据工作项目中各元素的特性和相互间的关系确定,模式具有灵活性。

The vocational education practice in the USA and UK and other countries shows,it is imperative to establish separate institutions to manage and implement the work-based learning.Work-based learning does not always occur in the workplace,and it can occur in any place to contribute to learn the knowledge and skills of the working process.The complex correlation of its internal elements embodies in the macro,meso and micro three levels.The form and content of work-based learning change with the needs of society.In the macro,it changes with social progress while in the micro,it varies with the change of practice type.Its implement mode could be identified by the character and the inter-relationship of each element of work item,and its mode is flexible.