中国大陆外向型加工制造活动的区位选择与布局优化

The Location Selection and Layout Optimization of Export-oriented Manufacturing Activities in China's Mainland

以产品内分工条件下加工制造活动的区位因子分析为基础,结合各省区加工贸易发展的相关数据,研究中国外向型加工制造活动区位选择的基本规律。研究表明,要素禀赋和交易成本节约的综合优势才是决定外向型加工制造活动区位的关键因素,也是中国加工贸易在东部沿海地区率先发展的原因。随着中国全方位对外开放格局的形成和基础设施条件的改善,中西部地区的交易成本正在迅速下降,这为加工制造活动向内陆地区的转移创造了条件。在此背景下,东部沿海地区迫切需要通过培育高级要素以促进加工制造业的转型升级,而中西部地区也要注重创新加工制造活动的发展模式,这是中国加工贸易空间格局优化的关键。

The development of processing trade in China is the result of labor-intensive manufacturing link transfer to Chinese mainland since opening-up and reform. Therefore, the imbalance development of processing trade in different provinces of China reflects the location selection rules of the export-oriented manufacturing activities. Based on the location factors analysis, using processing trade data in 2008 and 2001, this article is intended to analyze the basic location selection rules of the processing manufacturing activities. The result shows that comprehensive advantages of endowments and transaction cost saving determine the location of export-oriented manufacturing activities. That is also the reason for east coastal areas of China taking the lead in processing trade. With the formation of China＇s multi-directional opening-up pattern and improvement of the infrastructure conditions, transaction costs in Midwest China are rapidly reducing. It creates favorable conditions for processing manufacturing activities to transfer to Midwest areas. In this context, east coastal areas of China need to promote the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry through cultivating advanced elements urgently. For the Midwest areas, paying more attention to better the introduction pattern of processing manufacture is also very important. That is the key for the optimization of spatial structure of processing manufacture in China.