论国际海运中的合同相对性突破与诉因

Breaching of Privity of Contract and Cause of Action in International Carriage of Goods by Sea

从合同相对性突破的理论、提单权利性质学说和国际海上货物运输实践来看,交货托运人、提单持有人、收货人等货方与承运人之间存在合同相对性突破关系,是运输合同相对性突破的主体。适用我国《海商法》时,货方与实际承运人之间通常不存在合同相对性突破的关联。货方对承运人的诉因一般为违约,对实际承运人诉因一般为侵权,少数情况下才会出现诉因选择权。

Based on theories of breaching of privity of contract, character academics of rights bill of lading and practices of carriage of goods by sea, the cargo owner parties, including actual consignors, holders of bill of lading and consignees, are subjects of breaching of privity of transport contract. Under Chinese Maritime Law, there are generally non-existent relationship of breaching the privities of contract between the cargo owner parties and the actual carriers. Cargo owner parties＇ cause of action against carriers is generally breach of contract; the cause of action for the cargo owner parties to bring against actual carriers is usually tort, and the right of choice of cause of action exists in few cases.