美国水环境保护立法及其启示

Water environmental protection legislation of USA and its inspiration

运用比较研究、逻辑分析、文献研究等方法,分析美国水环境保护立法体系、立法目的和政策、水环境保护管理体制以及主要的管理制度,剖析美国水环境保护立法的实施机制,评析美国水环境保护立法的成功经验,并且探讨其对我国水环境保护立法及其运行的启示。借鉴美国水环境保护立法成功经验,认为我国应尽快建立科学的水环境管理体制,并通过制度设计进一步加大企业的环境违法成本,引导与鼓励企业自觉守法;建立公民诉讼制度,积极发挥环境保护团体和司法机关在水环境保护中的作用。同时,还须高度重视水环境法律制度运行环境的建设。

The legislative system,objective,policies,management system and main management regulations of water environmental protection in USA are investigated by means of the comparative analysis,logical analysis and literature research.The implementation mechanism and successful experience of the water environmental protection legislation of USA as well as its inspiration to the legislation and operation of the water environmental protection in China are discussed.China should establish a scientific water environment management system and further increase the cost of breaking the laws by designing a system and guide and encourage enterprises to consciously abide by the laws.A civil litigation system should be established,and environmental protection groups and judicial authorities should give their full play to the protection of water environment.Meanwhile,great importance should be attained to establishing the operating conditions for the water environmental legal system.