论宋代海南谪宦的渡海诗

Study on the Relegated Officials’Sea Crossing Poems of Song Dynasty

宋代刑法对海南谪宦既有严格的监管制度,又有相应的恩宥制度,因此大多海南谪宦有2次渡海经历。海峡造成亲情、友情、讯息的阻隔,自然环境、风土民情的巨大差异,而且惊险的渡海本身即是一道"鬼门关",因此谪宦的忧患往往在渡海之际集中爆发。为此他们做了各种调适,以获得自我心理的安适和超越,这集中表现在渡海前的祭海以自保、"乘桴浮于海"的自宽、和"身在江海、心在魏阙"的自勉。前者为神灵救赎,后二者则为谪宦的自我心灵救赎。总的看来,宋代尤其是南宋的渡海诗较少怨愤之情和衰飒之气,而富有豁达精神。这种诗歌精神是通过瞻前顾后的视角和情景双绾等艺术手段完成的。

Criminal law of Song Dynasty formulated strict regulatory regime as well as amnesty regime. So amounts of Hainan rele- gated officials had two experiences of sea crossing. Channel cut off their friendship, family ties, and message, and created the great differences of natural environment and local conditions. Above all, the dangerous sea crossing itself was a ＂Gate of hell＂. Therefore, relegated officials＇ feeling of hardship burst out when they started their sail. They usually adjusted their mentality for peace and self- transcendence. There were such manifestations as worshipping the sea to pray for safety, cherishing the ideal of ＂floating in the sea by raft＂ to comfort oneself, and ＂living nearby the sea but soul in the imperial court＂ to encourage oneself. The first was Salvation by God, the rest were Salvation by one＇s soul. In all, there is little ~evance and depression in the sea crossing poems of Song Dynasty, especially Southern Song Dynasty, but more open-minded spirit which displayed itself by the artistic skills such as looking ahead into the future and back into the past and setting scene and feelings blended.